OBSESSIONS OF IDEOLOGICAL EXTREMES

Even these days, especially in the countries of the Western Balkans, we have manifestations of totalitarianism, but with a different, more sophisticated face. In this sense, we no longer have the forms of power and control typical of totalitarian states, but we have a narrowed space, a typical totalitarian impasse that reduces politics as a human action only to the dimension of political parties, thus suspending all actors and other social sensitivities. We have, therefore, a crypto-totalitarianism performed through the power of ideological discourse, which is imposed in different forms in the public space and with this also on the citizens. This has created a distorted political space dominated only by political ideologies, which in most cases only produce extreme ideological obsessions.

Author: Lorik Idrizi

Often throughout the history of humanity, since the genesis of the first political organizations, it has always been an epic battle between two ideologies. In political theories, we know them as ideologies: left and right. In the genesis of political thought, these two ideologies are represented by the two initiators of Western philosophy, Aristotle and Plato. The same political ideologies have in fact created a clash of thought that has always fostering innovative ideas and continuity of thought up to scientific and philosophical modernity.

Even today, in a sophisticated way, these approaches are essentially aimed at human progress, but by creating opposition to each other, in some cases they are displaced from the essence and exist more to annihilate the other than to actually infest the one to which they belong.

The world and thoughts are plural, so are the problems and solutions. However, these two approaches, two concepts that they raised as ideologies sometimes turn into conflicting obsessions that represent everything except the purpose for which they were created, human progress and solutions for human well-being. Often during the history of humanity, the powers and the systems of social organizations, promoting on the notion of freedom, on basic human rights, have degraded in the opposite direction, in the persecution of freedom itself. Precisely the civic space and its actors with social activities and other types of civil dissidence have created opposition to these murderous dogmas and ideologies. This is how they have protected the evolution of millennial knowledge, which at some moments has experienced its own eclipses by totalitarian dogmas and systems.

In this context, in another phase appeared the totalitarian state that would annihilate civil society, while the shadows of this totalitarianism will manifest in different forms, but in essence it will remain the same, centralized as power and power that controls everything. Even today, especially in the countries of the Western Balkans, we have manifestations of totalitarianism, but with another, more sophisticated face. In this sense, we have no longer the forms of power and control typical of totalitarian states, but we have a narrowed space, a typical totalitarian impasse that reduces politics as a human action only to the dimension of political parties, thus suspending all actors and other social sensitivities. We have, therefore, a crypto-totalitarianism performed through the power of ideological discourse, which is imposed in different forms in the public space and with this also on the citizens.

This has created a distorted political space dominated only by political ideologies, which in most cases only produce extreme ideological obsessions. As Fukuyama explains in ‘’State-Building’’, one of the currents of development led to what Friedrcih and Brenzinski called the totalitarian state, which sought to eradicate all civil society and subjugate particular individuals to its own ends. political. The right-wing version of this experiment ended in 1945 with the defeat of Nazi Germany, while the left-wing version collapsed under the weight of internal contradictions when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. In this context, civil society has always been in the function of citizenship, preservation and superstructure of human values ​​against the deformations of totalitarian systems and the violation of basic human rights and has served as catalysts of social and economic progress.

In this context, political philosophies, regardless of which side they belong to, if they do not cultivate within themselves a society of free people, they take on totalitarian forms. Paradoxically, after so many years of democracy, the forms of totalitarianism appear everywhere, sometimes even in the crudest ideological forms, that is, of extreme ideological opposition, which turns into a political and social obsession that absorbs all other social energies, narrowing the space of civil action.

Without the deconstruction of this concept, which essentially remains a type of party totalitarianism, the societies of the Western Balkan countries will continue to live in unnecessary ideological irritations and impasses, which have nothing in common with democratic values.